The SWITCH Foundation has operated the Swiss Education & Research Network since 1987, guaranteeing the universities access to the information society. This high-performance network connects users in Switzerland with each other and with other countries. SWITCH is the registry for .ch and .li domain names and, with its subsidiary, switchplus ag, offers standardised internet services for third parties.

nic.at Internet Verwaltungs- und Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H. is the official registry for all domains ending with .at. Its principal office is in Salzburg, Austria.

DENIC eG is the central registry for all domains below the top level domain .de. The company’s duties are varied: it provides an automatic electronic registration system, it operates a network of nameservers all around the world, and it offers a number of further services for the German internet community.